Early Developmental Core, Social, and Communication Milestones

(Sources: Johnson-Martin, Attermeier, & Hacker (1990); Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti)

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Core Skills

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Social Skills

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Communication Skills

Core Skills                  

Age (months)

Shares social smiles                       

Demonstrates shared attention

Shows interest in mirror

Repeats own sounds imitated

Continues movement imitated

Establishes joint attention              

Enjoys Peekaboo

Combines gestures to regulate

Points to items of interest

Pulls others to gain attention

Waves good-bye

Imitates facial expressions

Imitates novel actions

Imitates single-syllable sounds

Demonstrates interest in cause-and-effect toys

Shows interest in peers                 

Enjoys making others laugh

Responds to adult praise

Combines gestures, eye gaze, and words

Points to and shows things of interest

Imitates two-syllable words

Imitates adult actions to solve a problem

Explores combining toys in novel ways

Engages in repetitive play sequences with toys

Shows pleasure in accomplishments           

Comforts others

Engages in interactive play with adults

Engages in rough-and-tumble play with peers

Communicates needs, interests, and feelings

Engages in parallel play

Begins to imitate peers

Begins symbolic-toy use

 

3-6

 

 

6-12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12-18

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

18-24

Social Skills

Age (months)

Shows interest in peer activities

Plays simple interactive games

Enjoys listening to simple stories

Enjoys rough-and-tumble play

Engages in parallel play

Attempts to comfort others in distress                           

Begins symbolic toy use

Begins to share toys

Pretends adult roles in play

Imitates a task previously observed

Participates in supervised small-group games

Shows preference for some friends over others                                    

Labels feelings in self

Assumes different roles in play

Begins to take turns in play

Plays group games with supervision

Has a preferred friend                                            

Plays cooperatively with others

Develops a logical sequence of events in play

Follows rules in simple games

Recognizes another's need for help and gives assistance

Shares and takes turns without reminders

Responds positively to the good fortune of others                                            

Has a group of friends

Follows community rules

Engages in complex adult role playing

Plays games requiring skill and decision making

Plays cooperative group games

12+

 

 

 

 

24+

 

 

 

 

 

36+

 

 

 

 

 

48+

 

 

 

 

 

60+

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Communication Skills

Age (months)

Produces intermittent verbal imitation          

Combines gestures for all functions

Plays simple interactive games

Combines gestures and words for basic functions

Indicates preference when given a choice

Uses nonverbal means to initiate peer interaction                             

Comments on and describes ongoing events

Answers simple questions

Asks simple questions

Comforts others nonverbally

Maintains simple conversation exchanges with adults

Retells a familiar story when looking at pictures                                      

Relates a past experience when asked to do so

Labels feelings in self

Conducts intermittent conversational exchanges with peers

Engages in simple conversational exchanges on the telephone

Initiates peer interaction verbally

Uses body language and facial expression with messages

Expands conversation skills with peers      

Retells a popular story, television episode, or movie plot

Uses social phrases (e.g., 'Excuse me," "Sorry")

Relates events in an organized, logical sequence

Recognizes how to respond to others' feelings

Begins to interpret listener's body language

Communicates about a wide range of topics                                         

Begins to take into account listener's perspective

Adjusts conversation according to listener's needs

Uses language to negotiate and compromise 

12+

 

 

 

 

 24+

 

 

 

 

 

36+

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

48+

 

 

 

 

 

60+

 

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